
What miscommunication can look like. Here, someone got the wrong information about which sneakers to wear on which feet
At the highest level, plans are little more than specifications for collaborative activity. They describe the resources, relationships, and choreography that guide the people who will be executing the plans as they work together to reach their shared objectives. But no plan is ever complete, because all plans are executed inside an environment of some kind. Business plans are executed within a market; project plans within a strategic plan; employee performance plans within an organization.
When we devise a plan we make assumptions about the environment within which we intend to execute it. One common, if tacit, assumption is that the environment will be at least somewhat supportive of the plan. We assume that the plan and its hosting environment are compatible.
Factors that lead to planning difficulty
Some environments have properties that make them hostile to all plans. I explored three of those properties last time: scope creep, a focus on project management rather than people management, and one-size-fits-all policies. Here are three more.
When the success rate for plansis poor, people are tempted to
push the boundaries of their
roles to prevent failure
- Ambiguity of roles and responsibilities
- Ambiguity of roles and responsibilities encourages those with even the most limited ambitions to take steps to enhance their own status. Because the success rate for plans is so poor, people try to "help." They're tempted to push the boundaries of their roles to prevent failure.
- By reaching beyond the limits of what others understand as their roles, people can (intentionally or not) disrupt plans that assume more limited definitions of those roles.
- Elevated incidence of miscommunication
- Because everyone is under extreme time pressure, they communicate by messaging instead of face-to-face. And they do it hurriedly, which elevates the chance of misunderstanding.
- When things go awry, and the overall approach changes to respond to the problems, not everyone is informed at the same time. Some people are following the old plan, some are following he new plan, and some the new-new plan. Miscommunications abound.
- Unrealistic schedules
- One way to seem to make up for lost time is to set unrealistic schedules. They help us maintain the delusion that the previous schedule was achievable. It was never possible, and creating a new unachievable schedule won't change that.
- Unrealistic schedules are little more than tactics for avoiding conveying to Management the whole, sad truth about our desperate situation.
- Reorganization(s)
- Although reorganizations do often produce efficiencies, the savings usually appear at the scale of the enterprise. At the scale of the individual project or task, the effects can be less helpful. The fundamental problem is that reorganizations sometimes sever existing working relationships unnecessarily. People are then compelled to build new relationships, and that takes time and resources.
- A second difficulty is that champions of reorganizations sometimes oversell expected efficiencies. The new workloads aren't always reasonable and rebalancing workflows can take time.
- Factions and polarization
- Political factions and polarization within the organization can act as sources of turmoil for the indefinite future, as political opponents of the advocates of the plan seize opportunities to deflect plans into directions more compatible with their own agendas.
- The effects of factionalism and polarization can appear even before execution begins. Anticipating attacks, some planners include defenses against those attacks in the plans from the outset. This anticipatory defense makes plans more complicated than they need otherwise be, which increases costs, stretches schedules, and enhances risks.
Even more
Here are a few more factors:
- Unresolved conflicts
- Past errors unaddressed
- Leaders more concerned with personal success than with enterprise success
- Organic process development has led to burdensome processes
- Inadequate resources: equipment and personnel
I'm sure there are more. rbrenaXXxGCwVgbgLZDuRner@ChacDjdMAATPdDNJnrSwoCanyon.comSend them along and I'll add them to the list. First issue in this series
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Related articles
More articles on Workplace Politics:
On the Appearance of Impropriety
- Avoiding the appearance of impropriety is a frequent basis of business decisions. What does this mean,
what are the consequences of such avoiding, and when is it an appropriate choice?
Ego Depletion: An Introduction
- Ego depletion is a recently discovered phenomenon that limits our ability to regulate our own behavior.
It explains such seemingly unrelated phenomena as marketing campaign effectiveness, toxic conflict contagion,
and difficulty losing weight.
The Perils of Limited Agreement
- When a group member agrees to a proposal, even with conditions, the group can move forward. Such agreement
is constructive, but there are risks. What are those risks and what can we do about them?
Cassandra at Work
- When a team makes a wrong choice, and only a tiny minority advocated for what turned out to have been
the right choice, trouble can arise when the error at last becomes evident. Maintaining team cohesion
can be a difficult challenge for team leaders.
Downscoping Under Pressure: I
- When projects overrun their budgets and/or schedules, we sometimes "downscope" to save time
and money. The tactic can succeed — and fail. Three common antipatterns involve politics, the
sunk cost effect, and cognitive biases that distort estimates.
See also Workplace Politics for more related articles.
Forthcoming issues of Point Lookout
Coming September 3: Contributions in Team Meetings: Advocating
- An agenda in the form of an ordered list of topics might not provide an appropriate framework for a given meeting. For example, if A depends on B, and B depends on A, we must find a way to discuss A and B together in some orderly fashion. Here are some alternatives to linear, ordered agendas. Available here and by RSS on September 3.
And on September 10: Contributions in Team Meetings: Scoping
- Some meetings focus on solving specific problems. We call them "working sessions." More often, we delegate problem solving to task teams, while meetings wrestle with the difficult task of identifying or "scoping" problems rather than solving them. Scoping discussions can be perilous. Available here and by RSS on September 10.
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