Point Lookout: a free weekly publication of Chaco Canyon Consulting
Volume 25, Issue 16;   April 16, 2025: Workplace Bullying: Temporal Patterns

Workplace Bullying: Temporal Patterns

by

When we set out to control the incidence of workplace bullying, problem number one is defining bullying behavior. In school bullying we know that power imbalance and repeated incidents are critical indicators of bullying. Workplace bullying is more complicated.
A bullying manager

A bullying manager. Image by michael_schueller courtesy PixaBay.com.

As noted last time, the behavior patterns that comprise part of the signature of bullying activity among children include (a) an actual and perceived power imbalance between perpetrator and target that favors the perpetrator, and (b) a pattern of bullying incidents repeated over a period of time. School bullying is far better understood than workplace bullying, in part, because school bullying is so much more open and visible. As one might expect, then, approaches to managing workplace bullying are often based on what we know about school bullying.

And that's where things get complicated, because school bullying and workplace bullying do differ. Last time I briefly explored their differences with respect to actual and perceived power imbalances between perpetrator and target. I now turn to temporal patterns. In what follows, I focus on workplaces that are engaged in what we broadly call knowledge work. Minor adjustments are necessary for other fields, such as construction, retail, agriculture, health care, food service, and more, but the observations here survive those adjustments.

Temporal patterns

Most definitions of school bullying, or more generally, bullying among children, require that incidents of bullying occur repeatedly over time. Such a requirement excludes much workplace bullying because of differences between the structures of school and workplace operations.

Differences in population stability
From the perspective of the aspiring school bully, the population of candidate targets is relatively stable. Within windows of time, subject to change only at defined intervals known as semesters or quarters, the pool of possible targets doesn't change much. Children are assigned to particular teachers and classes for periods ranging from a half year to a year or longer. And they attend the same school for one year to a half-dozen years or more. Moreover, changes of unit assignment tend to occur in synchrony across the entire school. The perpetrator who settles on a set of targets can be reasonably assured of access to those targets for a while.
Compared to children in schools, the population of candidate targets in the knowledge workplace changes relatively slowly, but continuously. There are fewer temporal boundaries that are observed organization-wide, and which serve as release dates when new people join, veterans move on, or people are transferred from unit to unit. Organization-wide vacation weeks, for the most part, do not exist. Perpetrators in search of candidate targets must search constantly. Nor can they be certain that the targets they have acquired will remain targets for long. This continuous "light churn" makes for difficulties as bullies seek to engage in repeated bullying of the same set of targets.
Differences in daily access to members of the population
Definitions of bullying that require that
it be repeated over time exclude much
workplace bullying because of differences
between the structures of school
operations and workplace operations
As if perpetrators of school bullying needed any further assistance, students in schools move from class to class in synchrony, giving perpetrators opportunities to locate targets easily for repeat incidents of bullying. The school day consists of periods of close supervision of children (class time) alternating with unstructured periods of almost zero supervision of children (time between classes or "recess"). School bullying tends to occur in these unstructured periods or before or after the school day. [CHOP 2025]
By comparison to school bullying, the population of potential targets for workplace bullies is more fluid. People join and leave the population at almost any time. This fluidity increases the difficulty bullies have when searching for new targets, because they can't easily separate the portions of the population they've already examined. Even worse for perpetrators, in most workplaces, periods of unstructured time are poorly defined. Although workplace meetings do generally start and end on the hour, many attend meetings virtually without leaving their own offices. Or they might attend meetings from elsewhere. Locating targets for repeat bullying sessions is thus more difficult for workplace bullies than it is for school bullies.

Last words

Maintaining a pattern of repetition of bullying incidents is easier for the school bully than it might be for the workplace bully. To require maintaining a pattern of repetition over a period of time as a critical element of the definition of workplace bullying is to exclude from the definition much behavior that is actually bullying. This doesn't make bullying less effective, but it does make bullying more difficult to measure accurately.

Definitions of workplace bullying that require a pattern of repeated incidents of bullying over a period of time are likely to exclude much of the actual bullying that occurs.  Workplace Bullying: Power First issue in this series  Go to top Top  Next issue: On Planning in Plan-Hostile Environments: I  Next Issue

101 Tips for Targets of Workplace BulliesIs a workplace bully targeting you? Do you know what to do to end the bullying? Workplace bullying is so widespread that a 2014 survey indicated that 27% of American workers have experienced bullying firsthand, that 21% have witnessed it, and that 72% are aware that bullying happens. Yet, there are few laws to protect workers from bullies, and bullying is not a crime in most jurisdictions. 101 Tips for Targets of Workplace Bullies is filled with the insights targets of bullying need to find a way to survive, and then to finally end the bullying. Also available at Apple's iTunes store! Just . Order Now!

Footnotes

Comprehensive list of all citations from all editions of Point Lookout
[CHOP 2025]
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,"Bullying in Schools," Available here. Retrieved 30 March 2025. Back

Your comments are welcome

Would you like to see your comments posted here? rbrenaXXxGCwVgbgLZDuRner@ChacDjdMAATPdDNJnrSwoCanyon.comSend me your comments by email, or by Web form.

About Point Lookout

This article in its entirety was written by a 
          human being. No machine intelligence was involved in any way.Thank you for reading this article. I hope you enjoyed it and found it useful, and that you'll consider recommending it to a friend.

This article in its entirety was written by a human being. No machine intelligence was involved in any way.

Point Lookout is a free weekly email newsletter. Browse the archive of past issues. Subscribe for free.

Support Point Lookout by joining the Friends of Point Lookout, as an individual or as an organization.

Do you face a complex interpersonal situation? Send it in, anonymously if you like, and I'll give you my two cents.

Related articles

More articles on Workplace Bullying:

The U.S. Federal Correctional Institution at Danbury, ConnecticutConfronting the Workplace Bully: I
When a bully targets you, you have three options: accept the abuse; avoid the bully or escape; and confront or fight back. Confrontation is a better choice than many believe — if you know what you're doing.
Two bull elk sparring in Grand Teton National Park, WyomingWorkplace Bullying and Workplace Conflict: I
Bullying is unlike other forms of toxic conflict. That's why the tools we use to address toxic conflict simply do not work for bullying. In this Part I, we contrast bullying and ordinary toxic conflict.
Gregory B. Jaczko, the Chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).When the Chair Is a Bully: I
Most meetings have chairs or "leads." Although the expression that the chair "owns" the meeting is usually innocent shorthand, some chairs actually believe that they own the meeting. This view is almost entirely destructive. What are the consequences of this attitude, and what can we do about it?
Palm trees blowing in a hurricaneDealing with Rapid-Fire Attacks
When a questioner repeatedly attacks someone within seconds of their starting to reply, complaining to management about a pattern of abuse can work — if management understands abuse, and if management wants deal with it. What if management is no help?
A demanding managerWhat Micromanaging Is and Isn't
Micromanaging is a dysfunctional pattern of management behavior, involving interference in the work others are supposedly doing. Confusion about what it is and what it isn't makes effective response difficult.

See also Workplace Bullying for more related articles.

Forthcoming issues of Point Lookout

A band of mostly saxophonesComing August 13: Leaving High-Touch Jobs: How
High-touch jobs require that we work closely with colleagues, teammates, clients, or suppliers. Because choosing to leave such a job affects all these people, and the person departing, we would do well find a path that respects all involved. Here are some suggestions. Available here and by RSS on August 13.
Charles Goodhart delivers the keynote speech in the 2012 Long Finance Spring ConferenceAnd on August 20: Earned Value and Goodhart's Law
Earned Value Management, widely used approach to project management, is most useful in contexts in which estimators are familiar with the Tasks, the Technologies, and the Teams. But even then, it is vulnerable to the tactics of those who game the metrics. Available here and by RSS on August 20.

Coaching services

I offer email and telephone coaching at both corporate and individual rates. Contact Rick for details at rbrenaXXxGCwVgbgLZDuRner@ChacDjdMAATPdDNJnrSwoCanyon.com or (650) 787-6475, or toll-free in the continental US at (866) 378-5470.

Get the ebook!

Past issues of Point Lookout are available in six ebooks:

Reprinting this article

Are you a writer, editor or publisher on deadline? Are you looking for an article that will get people talking and get compliments flying your way? You can have 500-1000 words in your inbox in one hour. License any article from this Web site. More info

Follow Rick

Send email or subscribe to one of my newsletters Follow me at LinkedIn Follow me at Bluesky, or share a post Subscribe to RSS feeds Subscribe to RSS feeds
The message of Point Lookout is unique. Help get the message out. Please donate to help keep Point Lookout available for free to everyone.
Technical Debt for Policymakers BlogMy blog, Technical Debt for Policymakers, offers resources, insights, and conversations of interest to policymakers who are concerned with managing technical debt within their organizations. Get the millstone of technical debt off the neck of your organization!
Go For It: Sometimes It's Easier If You RunBad boss, long commute, troubling ethical questions, hateful colleague? Learn what we can do when we love the work but not the job.
303 Tips for Virtual and Global TeamsLearn how to make your virtual global team sing.
101 Tips for Managing ChangeAre you managing a change effort that faces rampant cynicism, passive non-cooperation, or maybe even outright revolt?
101 Tips for Effective MeetingsLearn how to make meetings more productive — and more rare.
Exchange your "personal trade secrets" — the tips, tricks and techniques that make you an ace — with other aces, anonymously. Visit the Library of Personal Trade Secrets.
If your teams don't yet consistently achieve state-of-the-art teamwork, check out this catalog. Help is just a few clicks/taps away!
Ebooks, booklets and tip books on project management, conflict, writing email, effective meetings and more.